Research progress of Triatoma rubrofasciata, the vector of Chagas disease / 中华地方病学杂志

Chagas disease (also known as American trypanosomiasis) is a zoonotic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It has a long incubation period and low diagnosis rate. At present, there is no vaccine to prevent it, and there is no specific drug at the late stage of the disease. Therefore, some scholars call it "new AIDS". In the past two decades, Chagas disease has spread from the main epidemic area of Latin America to other non-epidemic countries. At the same time, Triatoma rubrofasciata, one of its main vectors, is widely distributed in the world, including some humid and warm southern areas of China. Therefore, in this paper, the distribution characteristics, biology and molecular biology of Triatoma rubrofasciata are comprehensively reviewed, in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of imported Chagas disease in China.

Design, synthesis and antidiabetic activity studies of purine derivatives / 药学学报

Based our previous work, twelve purine derivatives were designed and synthesized as dual modulators of GPR119 and DPP-4by conjugating the GPR119 activating and DPP-4 inhibiting fragments with the position 6 and 9 of purine core via an approach of merged pharmacophores. Compound 11, bearing 2-fluoro-4-methylsulphonyl anilide and cyanopyrrolidine moieties, exhibited the most potent GPR119 agonistic activities (EC50 = 0.33 μmol·L-1, IA = 71.1%) and DPP-4 inhibitory (58.4% inhibition at 10 μmol·L-1, 21.2% inhibition at 1 μmol·L-1) activities in the in vitro antidiabetic study. Subsequently, we performed studies on structure activity relationships and molecular docking to guide the further drug design.

Akkermansia Muciniphila Alleviates Visceral Hypersensitivity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats via Regulating CB2R / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Akkermansia muciniphila （A. muciniphila） regulating the visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） rats induced by neonatal maternal separation （MS） and water avoidance stress （WAS）. MethodsNeonatal male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham WAS group （blank group）， MS+WAS group （IBS model group） and A. muciniphila group. IBS model was established by MS combined with WAS in both IBS model group and A. muciniphila group. Meanwhile， the rats in the A. muciniphila group were given 1 mL 1×109 CFU/mL A. muciniphila by gavage daily for 10 days. Visceral pain responses were detected by behavioral observations and abdominal withdrawal reflex scores. ResultsCompared with IBS model group， A. muciniphila group exhibited significant increase of body weight and visceral pain threshold， significantly decreased numbers of fecal particles and proportions of unformed stools， significantly higher expression levels of cannabinoid receptor type 2 （CB2R） mRNA in colon tissues. ConclusionA. muciniphila may alleviate the visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rats by regulating the expression of CB2R mRNA in colonic tissues.

Clinical observation of postoperative visual perceptual training in children with intermittent exotropia on the recovery of visual function at all levels / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the role of visual perception training on the recovery of visual function at all levels and the improvement of perceptual eye position in children with intermittent exotropia(IXT).METHODS: Prospective clinical study. A total of 74 patients with IXT who received corrective surgery for strabismus in the Ophthalmology Department of the First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City from January to June 2022 were collected and followed up for 3mo. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups at 1d after surgery: 35 patients in the training group received binocular visual perception training, and 39 patients in the control group did not receive visual training. The changes of visual function and perceived eye position at all levels were observed at 1d and 3mo after operation.RESULTS: There were 24 patients(69%)with simultaneous perception in the training group at 1d after surgery and 34 patients(97%)with recovered visual function at 3mo after surgery, which was significantly higher than 1d after surgery(P=0.002). Furthermore, there were 22 cases(56%)of fusion function in the control group at 3mo after surgery, 13 cases(33%)of far stereopsis, 20 cases(51%)of dynamic stereopsis and 17 cases(44%)of static fine stereopsis. In the training group, there were 31 cases(89%)of fusion function, 25 cases(71%)of far stereopsis, 30 cases(86%)of dynamic stereopsis and 27 cases(77%)of static fine stereopsis, which were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05). The degree of perceived eye displacement in the training group decreased more significantly than that in the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Postoperative visual perceptual training in children with IXT can promote recovery of visual function at all levels, improve perceptual eye position and enhance the control of eye position at the perceptual level of the brain.

Research progress of visual perception training on postoperative reconstruction of binocular vision in patients with intermittent exotropia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Intermittent exotropia(IXT)is a common ophthalmic disease with high incidence, variable deviation, and varying degrees of impaired binocular visual function. The defect of binocular visual function is related to the changes of visual cortex. IXT involves the functional changes of many brain regions, including the cortical areas related to binocular fusion. After correcting the eye position, the abnormal changes of cerebral cortex still exist in some patients with IXT, and the recovery of binocular vision is still difficult. In order to solve these problems, visual perception training is gradually applied to the postoperative reconstruction of binocular visual function in patients with IXT. Visual perception training repairs the visual cortex from the brain level, improving the ability of the visual cortex to process information by constantly stimulating the visual center, thus repairing the visual central function, so that patients can obtain good binocular visual function, stabilize the eye position and reduce recurrence. This article reviews the mechanism of binocular visual impairment and the role of visual perception training in the treatment of IXT. It is hoped to provide more evidence for visual perception training to reconstruct postoperative binocular visual function and reduce the recurrence rate in patients with IXT.

Effects of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata on proteomics and autophagy in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin / 中国中药杂志

To compare the pancreatic proteomics and autophagy between Rehmanniae Radix-and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata-treated mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). The T2DM mouse model was established by high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin(STZ, intraperitoneal injection, 100 mg·kg~(-1), once a day for three consecutive days). The mice were then randomly assigned into a control group, low-(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix groups, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)) catalpol groups, low-(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata groups, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)) 5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde(5-HMF) groups, and a metformin(250 mg·kg~(-1)) group. In addition, a normal group was also set and each group included 8 mice. The pancreas was collected after four weeks of administration and proteomics tools were employed to study the effects of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata on protein expression in the pancreas of T2DM mice. The expression levels of proteins involved in autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress response in the pancreatic tissues of T2DM mice were determined by western blotting, immunohistochemical assay, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the differential proteins between the model group and Rehmanniae Radix/Rehmanniae Radix Prae-parata group were enriched in 7 KEGG pathways, such as autophagy-animal, which indicated that the 7 pathways may be associated with T2DM. Compared with the control group, drug administration significantly up-regulated the expression levels of beclin1 and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)/mTOR and down-regulated those of the inflammation indicators, Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4) and Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), in the pancreas of T2DM mice, and Rehmanniae Radix showed better performance. In addition, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and heine oxygenase-1(HO-1) in the pancreas of T2DM mice were down-regulated after drug administration, and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata demonstrated better performance. The results indicate that both Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata can alleviate the inflammatory symptoms, reduce oxidative stress response, and increase the autophagy level in the pancreas of T2DM mice, while they exert the effect on different autophagy pathways.

Epidemiological Survey of Hemoglobinopathies Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Platform in Hunan Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed.@*RESULTS@#The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α 3.7/αα (50.23%) and β IVS-II-654/β N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.

The modulation and mechanisms of high-altitude hypoxia in drug transport across the blood-brain barrier / 药学学报

The function of the central nervous system was significantly altered under high-altitude hypoxia, and these changes lead to central nervous system disease and affected the metabolism of drugs in vivo. The blood-brain barrier is essential for maintaining central nervous system stability and plays a key role in the regulation of drug metabolism, and barrier structure and dysfunction affect drug transport to the brain. Changes in the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier under high-altitude hypoxia are regulated by changes in brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes, and are regulated by drug metabolism factors such as drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes. This article reviews the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the effects of changes in the blood-brain barrier on drug metabolism. We investigate the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier and related pathways such as transcription factors, inflammatory factors and nuclear receptors on drug transport under high-altitude hypoxia.

Expression of CTRP9 in serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the expression and correlation of C1q/tumor necrosis factor related protein 9(CTRP9)levels in the serum of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR)and diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS: A total of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Gansu Provincial Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the experimental group. According to the results of non-mydriatic fundus photography, they were divided into non-DR(NDR)group(n=45), non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group(n=45), proliferative DR(PDR)group(n=45); according to the results of optical coherence tomography, DR patients were divided into DME group(n=51), non-DME group(n=39). In addition, other 45 healthy subjects who matched the age and sex of the experimental group were selected as normal control group. The clinical data and biochemical index test results of subjects in each group were recorded and compared, the correlation between serum CTRP9 level and other biochemical indexes was analyzed, and the risk factors affecting the occurrence of DR and DME were explored.RESULTS: There were significant differences in serum CTRP9 levels among subjects in normal control group, NDR group, NPDR group and PDR group(P<0.001), and normal control group > NDR group > NPDR group > PDR group. There was significant difference in serum CTRP9 level between DME group and non-DME group(P<0.001), and non-DME group > DME group. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the level of serum CTRP9 in DR patients was negatively correlated with the course of diabetes(rs=-0.251, P<0.05), the level of serum CTRP9 in DME patients was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG)(rs=-0.370, P<0.05)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)(rs=-0.421, P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the course of diabetes(OR=1.194, 95%CI: 1.068～1.335,P=0.002)and the level of serum CTRP9(OR=0.936, 95%CI: 0.907～0.966,P<0.001)were risk factors for DR. The level of serum CTRP9 was a risk factor affecting the occurrence of DME(OR=0.838, 95%CI: 0.778～0.903, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The reduction of CTRP9 level is a risk factor for the occurrence of DR and DME, which may be of great significance to the risk assessment of both DR and DME.

Study on the effect of natural compound XCQ-9 of Cynanchum paniculatum on the proliferation and apoptosis of Jurkat cell and its mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of natural compound XCQ-9 of Cynanchum paniculatum on the proliferation and apoptosis of Jurkat cell line of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its possible mechanism. METHODS Jurkat cell was used as the leukemia cell model， and MTT assay was adopted to detect the inhibitory effects of 0 （blank control）， 2.5， 5， 10， 20 and 40 μmol/L XCQ-9 on the proliferation of Jurkat cell after treated for 24， 48， 72 h. After treated with 0 （blank control）， 2.5， 5， 10 μmol/L XCQ-9 for 24 h and 48 h， the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of Caspase-9， Cleaved Caspase-9， Caspase-3， Cleaved Caspase-3， poly ADP-ribose poly-merase （PARP）， Cleaved-PARP， cyclin-dependent kinase 1 （CDK1） and Cyclin B1 were detected by Western blot after treated for 24 h. RESULTS Compared with blank control group， XCQ-9 at different concentrations could significantly decrease the survival rate of Jurkat cells （P＜0.01）， and showed a dose and time-dependent manner. After 48 h treatment of 5， 10 μmol/L XCQ-9， Jurkat cell apoptosis was induced significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the cell was arrested in G2 phase （P＜0.01）. After 24 h treatment of 10 μmol/L XCQ-9， the protein expressions of CDK1 and Caspase-9 were remarkably down-regulated （P＜0.01）， while the protein expressions of Cyclin B1， Cleaved Caspase-9， Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved PARP were significantly up-regulated （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS XCQ-9 plays anti-tumor effect through inducing G2 phase arrest to inhibit proliferation and 5008） activating Caspase pathway to increase apoptosis.

Systematic analysis of MYB transcription factors related to the geniposide biosynthesis in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis based on whole genome / 药学学报

MYB transcription factors are involved in the regulation of various secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is the commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, and its main active ingredient is geniposide. Here, leaves and flower buds at different developmental stages of G. jasminoides were used to explore MYB transcription factors related to geniposide biosynthesis based on genome and transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome data analysis showed that, different from the expression of the common pathway genes for terpenoid biosynthesis, the expression level of genes in the specific pathway of geniposide biosynthesis was significantly higher in flower buds than in leaves, which was the same as the organ accumulation pattern of this component. And the promoter regions of geraniol synthase, iridoid synthase and geniposidic acid methyltransferase involved in the specific pathway all contained multiple MYB-binding sites. A total of 105 MYB transcription factors were obtained by annotating the coding genes of G. jasminoides, which were divided into 68 1R-MYB, 33 R2R3-MYB, 3 3R-MYB and 1 atypical MYB transcription factor according to the number of conserved domain. Based on the analysis of phylogenetic tree and quantitative real-time PCR, three candidate MYB transcription factors related to geniposide biosynthesis were selected, including potential positive regulation factor GjMYB23 and negative regulation factors GjMYB31 and GjMYB73. The results of this study will lay a foundation for searching the regulation of geniposide biosynthesis and further analysis of the quality formation mechanism of G. jasminoides, so as to promote the breeding of excellent varieties of G. jasminoides.

Diagnostic value of a combined serology-based model for minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with compensated cirrhosis / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of serological indicators and evaluate the diagnostic value of a new established combined serological model on identifying the minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:This prospective multicenter study enrolled 263 compensated cirrhotic patients from 23 hospitals in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China between October 2021 and August 2022. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated. Ammonia level was corrected to the upper limit of normal (AMM-ULN) by the baseline blood ammonia measurements/upper limit of the normal reference value. MHE was diagnosed by combined abnormal number connection test-A and abnormal digit symbol test as suggested by Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. The patients were randomly divided (7∶3) into training set ( n=185) and validation set ( n=78) based on caret package of R language. Logistic regression was used to establish a combined model of MHE diagnosis. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve. The internal verification was carried out by the Bootstrap method ( n=200). AUC comparisons were achieved using the Delong test. Results:In the training set, prevalence of MHE was 37.8% (70/185). There were statistically significant differences in AMM-ULN, albumin, platelet, alkaline phosphatase, international normalized ratio, MELD score and education between non-MHE group and MHE group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AMM-ULN [odds ratio ( OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.05-3.14, P=0.038] and MELD score ( OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for MHE, and the AUC for predicting MHE were 0.663, 0.625, respectively. Compared with the use of blood AMM-ULN and MELD score alone, the AUC of the combined model of AMM-ULN, MELD score and education exhibited better predictive performance in determining the presence of MHE was 0.755, the specificity and sensitivity was 85.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the model had good calibration ( P=0.733). The AUC for internal validation of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.752. In the validation set, the AUC of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.794, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration ( P=0.841). Conclusion:Use of the combined model including AMM-ULN, MELD score and education could improve the predictive efficiency of MHE among patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of different screening modes for thalassemia in Hunan Province / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the costs and effectiveness of five common screening modes and genetic screening for thalassemia in China in order to find the optimal way and provide evidence for the implementation of thalassemia prevention and control projects in Hunan Province.Methods:From June 2020 to April 2021, 12 971 couples from 14 cities and autonomous prefectures in Hunan Province were selected as the study population. The diagnosis of thalassemia was based on the results of genetic testing. Results of routine blood test and hemoglobin electrophoresis were collected and analyzed. The efficacy of five screening modes, at the cut-off value of <80 fl or 82 fl for the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), was analyzed by positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Jorden index and cost-effectiveness ratio. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the feasibility of genetic screening at different costs after fixing the costs of routine blood and hemoglobin electrophoresis. The five thalassemia screening models are as follows: Mode 1: The woman had a blood routine test first. If the result was positive, the spouse required a blood routine test. If both results were positive, a thalassemia gene test should be offered to the couple. Mode 2: Both husband and wife were screened by blood routine and hemoglobin electrophoresis. If one or both of them were positive, both would be tested for thalassemia gene. Mode 3: The couple received blood routine tests initially. If either was positive, both should receive hemoglobin electrophoresis testing. If either was positive, both parties will conduct thalassemia gene testing. Mode 4: The woman was screened by blood routine and hemoglobin electrophoresis. If any one of them was positive, the woman would be tested for thalassemia gene. If the gene test result was positive, the spouse should receive thalassemia gene. Mode 5: Both spouses conducted a blood routine test. If either was positive, both would conduct hemoglobin electrophoresis test. If both were positive, both spouses should receive thalassemia gene testing. Gene testing mode: The woman would be tested for thalassemia, and her spouse would have thalassemia test too if her result was positive.Results:When using MCV<80 fl as the cut-off for diagnosing thalassemia, the Youden indices of the five prenatal screening modes in Hunan Province were 0.551, 0.639, 0.898, 0.555 and 0.356, while when using MCV<82 fl as the cut-off, the Youden indices were 0.549, 0.629, 0.851, 0.548 and 0.356. When the MCV cut-off value was <80 fl, the missed diagnosis rates of the five screening modes were 44.44%, 0.00, 0.00, 18.52% and 62.96%, and the cost-effectiveness ratios were 21 709, 250 939, 76 870, 138 463 and 92 860 yuan (RMB)/couple, respectively. When the price of genetic testing was lower than 55 yuan (RMB), the cost-effectiveness ratio of genetic screening was lower than that of Mode 3.Conclusions:MCV<80 fl can be considered as the positive criteria in blood routine screening for thalassemia in Hunan Province, and the cost-effectiveness ratio of Mode 3 (the couple received blood routine tests initially. If either was positive, both should receive hemoglobin electrophoresis testing. If either was positive, both parties will conduct thalassemia gene testing) is the best. Genetic screening has certain advantages with the decreasing price.

The effect of intraspinal labor analgesia inlabor progress, maternal and infant outcomes / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of intraspinal labor analgesia on labor progress, maternal and infant outcomes.Methods:Two hundred cases of full-term singleton primiparous women in head position admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from March 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (100 cases, natural delivery) and the analgesia group (100 cases, analgesia delivery). The visual analoguescore (VAS), progress of labor, and the outcome of delivery between the two groups werecompared.Results:The VAS scores of the analgesic group at 10, 30 and 60 min after analgesia were lower than those in the control group: (1.30 ± 0.17) scores vs. (9.50 ± 0.53) scores, (0.50 ± 0.22) scores vs. (9.50 ± 0.16) scores, (0.40 ± 0.28) scores vs. (9.50 ± 0.34) scores, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The first stage of labor in the analgesia group was longer than that in the control group: (347.6 ± 54.4) min vs. (325.8 ± 58.5) min; but the active stage, the second stage of labor, the third stage of labor and the total duration of labor in the analgesia group were shorter than those in the control group: (184.3 ± 39.5) min vs. (202.9 ± 42.7) min, (57.8 ± 17.9) min vs. (85.3 ± 16.9) min, (7.7 ± 5.0) min vs. (16.3 ± 5.2) min, (503.6 ± 131.4) min vs. (596.5 ± 175.7) min, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The 2 h and 24 h postpartum hemorrhage in the analgesia group were significantly lower than those in the control group: (223.64 ± 80.34) ml vs. (276.97 ± 82.35) ml, (331.57 ± 92.47) ml vs. (384.59 ± 94.25) ml, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The rate of normal delivery and the use of oxytocin in the analgesia group were higher than those in the control group: 91.0%(91/100) vs. 75.0%(75/100), 83.0%(83/100) vs. 49.0% (49/100), the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the newborn Apgar scores, the muscle tension, pulse, reflex response, respiration score and total score in the analgesia group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The neonatal distress in the analgesia group was lower than that in the control group: 4.0%(4/100) vs. 15.0%(15/100), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Intravertebral labor analgesia can shorten the time of parturient delivery, reduce postpartum hemorrhage, improve the Apgar score of newborns, increase the pregnancy rate, and improve maternal and infant outcome.

Predictive effects of psychological stress in early and middle puberty on adolescent health risk behaviors / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore whether psychological stress in early and mid puberty is predictive of adolescent healthrisk behaviors.@*Methods@#In April 2018, a total of 1 046 primary and secondary school students from grade 5 to 8 were recruited through purposive sampling. The basic information and psychological stress of the respondents were collected by questionnaire and physical examination. In addition, self reports of health risk behaviors were collected in October 2018. Logistic multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between psychological stress and health risk behaviors of adolescents.@*Results@#The reported health risk behaviors of the surveyed adolescents ranking from high to low were unreasonable physical activity (62.05%), food preferences (24.76%), fighting (21.03%), suicidal ideation (17.02%), ideation of running away from home (9.85%), low mood (8.80%), smoking (4.21%), drinking (3.73%), gambling (3.63%) and internet addiction (3.06%). Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that the high level of psychological stress was a risk factor for fighting ( OR =1.02, 95% CI =1.01-1.03), suicidal ideation ( OR =1.02, 95% CI =1.01-1.03), low mood ( OR =1.02, 95% CI =1.01-1.03), ideation of running away from home ( OR =1.02, 95% CI =1.01-1.03), unreasonable physical activity ( OR =1.01, 95% CI =1.00-1.02), smoking ( OR =1.02, 95% CI = 1.00-1.03), internet addiction ( OR =1.02, 95% CI =1.00-1.03), food preferences ( OR =1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.02) and gambling ( OR =1.02, 95% CI =1.01-1.04)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Unreasonable physical activity and food preferences are most common health risk behaviors among adolescents. Psychological stress during early to middle puberty is predictive of adolescent health risk behaviors.

Changes of biological parameters and the accuracy of IOL power calculation formulas after phacoemulsification / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To measure the changes of ocular biological parameters before and after phacoemulsification, and compared the choice of intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation formulas based on the new optical biometric instrument IOL Master 700.METHODS: A prospective study. Clinical data were collected from 52 patients(57 eyes)with cataract at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January to June 2021. The axial length(AL), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and corneal curvature(Km)were measured and analyzed before and 3mo after phacoemulsification by IOL Master 700. The target refractive value reserved in the calculation of different IOL formulas and the actual refractive value of the automatic refractor 3mo after phacoemulsification were compared and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The average values of AL measured before and after phacoemulsification were 24.20±1.86, 24.09±1.86mm, the postoperative AL shortened by 0.11mm, and the ACD values were 3.08±0.44, 4.55±0.36mm(P&#x003C;0.001), ACD deepened by 1.49mm after phacoemulsification. The Km values were 44.14±1.86, 44.14±1.82D(P&#x003E;0.05). The refractive error of the results measured by the Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula was the smallest before operation, followed by Holladay Ⅱ and the SRK/T formula, the Holladay Ⅰ formula had the largest error and the difference was statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.05). CONCLUSION: The AL was shortened and the ACD was deepened after phacoemulsification. A correction factor of 0.1mm is suggested to add when calculating the degree. The Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula has the best predictability in the IOL power calculation formulas, follow by Holladay Ⅱ and SRK/T formula.

Current Status of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Its Application / 中国医疗器械杂志

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a method of breathing pure oxygen or high-concentration oxygen in a highpressure environment to treat hypoxic diseases and related diseases. According to clinical verification, this therapy has an irreplaceable effect on certain diseases and has gradually become a comprehensive clinical treatment. One of the main methods of certain diseases is widely recognized by the medical field at home and abroad. The development history, treatment principles, key technologies, and future development trends of hyperbaric oxygen are discussed in detail, provide a research direction for the development of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the future, and at the same time, it has also improved physicians' awareness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, so as to improving Industry influence.

Changes of Serum Complement C1q in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the change of serum C1q in the course of multiple myeloma (MM) and its correlation with clinical characteristics.@*METHODS@#A total of 138 newly diagnosed MM patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2016 to December 2019 were selected as research objects, during the same period 50 age-matched anemia patients, 50 lymphoma patients, 50 leukemia patients, and 50 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients were selected as control groups. All the patients met WHO disease classification, and were definitely diagnosed by pathology or bone marrow smear/biopsy. The changes of C1q between MM patients and control group, as well as in different therapeutic responses of MM patients before and after treatment were compared, also the difference of clinical characteristics among MM patients with different C1q level, so as to analyze risk factors which led to C1q decline.@*RESULTS@#The average value of C1q in MM patients was (128.18±51.24) mg/L, which was significantly lower than control group (P<0.01). The levels of white blood cell, platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (Hb), serum calcium, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in newly diagnosed high C1q group were significantly higher than those in low C1q group (P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the levels of PLT, Hb, albumin, and LDH in newly diagnosed high C1q group were higher than those in low C1q group (r=0.248, r=0.394, r=0.405, r=0.295). After treatment, the levels of C1q in MM patients with complete remission and very good partial remission were significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.05), while those with partial remission and stable disease also increased but not significantly (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The C1q level in MM patients is significantly lower than that in patients with other hematologic system diseases, and it increases with the remission of the disease after treatment.

A prospective multicenter and real-world study on the diagnostic value of combination of number connection test-B and line tracing test in mild hepatic encephalopathy / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of independent and combined subtests of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) in mild hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) of patients with liver cirrhosis, so as to optimize the PHES.Methods:This was a prospective, multicenter and real-world study which was sponsored by the National Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases and the Portal Hypertension Consortium. Twenty-six hospitals from 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities countrywide participated in this study, induding Tianjin Third Central Hospital, the Fourth People′s Hospital of Qinghai Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, the Third People′s Hospital of Taiyuan, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital and so on. From October 2021 to February 2022, outpatients and hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis and no obvious hepatic encephalopathy were consecutively enrolled. All patients received 5 PHES subjects in the same order: number connection test(NCT)-A, NCT-B, digit symbol test(DST), line tracing test(LTT) and serial dotting test(SDT), and the scores were calculated. The total score of PHES <-4 was taken as the cut-off value for diagnosing MHE. Compare the differences in each subtest between MHE group and non-MHE group. Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) and area under the curve(AUC) was performed to assess the diagnostic value of independent and combined subtests in MHE. Mann-Whitney U test and DeLong test were used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 581 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled, 457 were diagnosed as MHE, and the incidence of MHE was 78.7%. The results of NCT-A, NCT-B, SDT, LTT, DST of MHE group were 60.00 s(47.01 s, 88.00 s), 90.45 s(69.32 s, 125.35 s), 74.00 s(57.65 s, 96.60 s), 74.72(60.00, 98.61) and 27.00(20.00, 36.00), respectively. Compared those of non-MHE group(34.00 s(29.15 s, 44.48 s), 50.00 s(40.98 s, 60.77 s), 50.00 s(41.07 s, 63.03 s), 46.23(38.55, 59.42) and 42.00(34.00, 50.75)), the differences were statistically significant( Z=12.37, 12.98, 9.83, 11.56, 10.66; all P<0.001). The AUC(95% confidence interval(95% CI)) of subtests of PHES NCT-B, NCT-A, LTT, DST and SDT alone in MHE diagnosis were 0.880(0.849 to 0.910), 0.862(0.828 to 0.896), 0.838(0.799 to 0.877), 0.812(0.772 to 0.851) and 0.788(0.743 to 0.832), respectively. The combination of 2 PHES subtests significantly increased the diagnostic efficacy. Among them the diagnostic efficacy of the combination of NCT-B and LTT was the best, the AUC(95% CI) was 0.924(0.902 to 0.947), the specificity was 91.9% and the sensitivity was 79.2%, which was better than a single PHES subtest (NCT-A, NCT-B, SDT, LTT and DST) and the combination of NCT-A and DST(AUC was 0.879, 95% CI0.847 to 0.910) which was recommended by guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis, the differences were statistically significant ( Z=3.78, 3.83, 5.57, 5.51, 5.38, 2.93; all P<0.01). Furthermore, compared between the combination of NCT-B and LTT and the combination of 3 subests of PHES, only the diagnostic efficacy of combination of NCT-B, LTT and SDT (AUC was 0.936, 95% CI 0.916 to 0.956) was better than that of the combination of NCT-B and LTT, the difference was statistically significant( Z=2.32, P=0.020). Conclusion:Based on the diagnostic efficacy and clinical feasibility of PHES subtests and their combinations, the combination of NCT-B and LTT is recommended for the diagnosis of MHE.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Tripterygium hypoglaucum in Yinning Tablets, a compound traditional Chinese herbal preparation / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses of Tripterygium hypoglaucum in Yinning Tablets, a compound preparation of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.@*METHODS@#Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative analysis of Tripterygium hypoglaucum in Yining Tablets and the analytical protocols were optimized. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantitatively analyze the content of triptolide (the main active ingredient of Tripterygium hypoglaucum) in Yinning Tablets.@*RESULTS@#The results of TLC analysis showed that the test sample of Yinning Tablets and the positive control samples both produced clear, well separated spots without obvious interference in the blank samples. Assessment of the influences of the thin-layer plates from different manufacturers, temperature and humidity on the test results demonstrated good durability of the test. HPLC analysis of triptolide showed a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 1-100 μg/mL (regression equation: A=22.219C-19.165, r=0.9999); the contents of triptolide in 3 batches of Yinning tablets were 0.34, 0.34, and 0.28 μg per tablet, all within the range of 0.28-0.34 μg per tablet. It was finally determined that each Yinning tablet should not contain more than 0.6 μg of triptolide.@*CONCLUSION@#TLC and HPLC are simple, accurate, durable and specific for qualitative and quantitative analyses of Tripterygium hypoglaucum in Yinning Tablets.